| GPT-4 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 52.489 | gpt-4-0125-preview | 2023-03-15 |
| Language Models are Few-Shot Learners | ✓ Link | 37.058 | gpt-3.5-turbo | 2020-05-28 |
| BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining | ✓ Link | 26.151 | dmis-lab/biobert-v1.1 | 2019-01-25 |
| LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models | ✓ Link | 25.840 | meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct | 2023-02-27 |
| MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language Models | ✓ Link | 25.751 | epfl-llm/meditron-7b | 2023-11-27 |
| Small Language Models Learn Enhanced Reasoning Skills from Medical Textbooks | | 25.680 | dmis-lab/meerkat-7b-v1.0 | 2024-03-30 |
| Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignment | ✓ Link | 25.538 | HuggingFaceH4/zephyr-7b-beta | 2023-10-25 |
| MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language Models | ✓ Link | 25.360 | epfl-llm/meditron-70b | 2023-11-27 |
| Clinical-Longformer and Clinical-BigBird: Transformers for long clinical sequences | ✓ Link | 25.040 | yikuan8/Clinical-Longformer | 2022-01-27 |
| GatorTron: A Large Clinical Language Model to Unlock Patient Information from Unstructured Electronic Health Records | | 24.862 | UFNLP/gatortron-medium | 2022-02-02 |
| BioMedGPT: Open Multimodal Generative Pre-trained Transformer for BioMedicine | ✓ Link | 24.747 | PharMolix/BioMedGPT-LM-7B | 2023-08-18 |
| BioMistral: A Collection of Open-Source Pretrained Large Language Models for Medical Domains | ✓ Link | 24.569 | BioMistral/BioMistral-7B-DARE | 2024-02-15 |
| | 24.427 | johnsnowlabs/JSL-MedMNX-7B | |