| SANDWiCH: Semantical Analysis of Neighbours for Disambiguating Words in Context ad Hoc | ✓ Link | 87.8 | 85.7 | 80.9 | 92.6 | 91.5 | SANDWiCH | 2025-03-07 |
| GlossGPT: GPT for Word Sense Disambiguation using Few-shot Chain-of-Thought Prompting | ✓ Link | 86.1 | 82.9 | 76.2 | 75.4 | 83.0 | GlossGPT | 2025-03-01 |
| ConSeC: Word Sense Disambiguation as Continuous Sense Comprehension | ✓ Link | 82.7 | 81.0 | 78.5 | 85.2 | 87.5 | ConSeC+WNGC | |
| Improved Word Sense Disambiguation with Enhanced Sense Representations | ✓ Link | 82.5 | 80.2 | 78.5 | 82.3 | 85.3 | ESR+WNGC | |
| ConSeC: Word Sense Disambiguation as Continuous Sense Comprehension | ✓ Link | 82.3 | 79.9 | 77.4 | 83.2 | 85.2 | ConSeC | |
| ESC: Redesigning WSD with Extractive Sense Comprehension | ✓ Link | 81.7 | 77.8 | 76.3 | 82.2 | 83.2 | ESCHER SemCor | 2021-06-01 |
| Improved Word Sense Disambiguation with Enhanced Sense Representations | ✓ Link | 81.3 | 79.9 | 77.0 | 81.5 | 84.1 | ESR | |
| Breaking Through the 80\% Glass Ceiling: Raising the State of the Art in Word Sense Disambiguation by Incorporating Knowledge Graph Information | ✓ Link | 80.8 | 79.0 | 75.2 | 80.7 | 81.8 | EWISER+WNGC | 2020-07-01 |
| Sense Vocabulary Compression through the Semantic Knowledge of WordNet for Neural Word Sense Disambiguation | ✓ Link | 79.7 | 77.8 | 73.4 | 78.7 | 82.6 | SemCor+WNGC, hypernyms | 2019-05-14 |
| Sparsity Makes Sense: Word Sense Disambiguation Using Sparse Contextualized Word Representations | | 79.6 | 77.3 | 73.0 | 79.4 | 81.3 | SparseLMMS+WNGC | |
| Moving Down the Long Tail of Word Sense Disambiguation with Gloss Informed Bi-encoders | | 79.4 | 77.4 | 74.5 | 79.7 | 81.7 | BEM | 2020-07-01 |
| Breaking Through the 80\% Glass Ceiling: Raising the State of the Art in Word Sense Disambiguation by Incorporating Knowledge Graph Information | ✓ Link | 78.9 | 78.4 | 71.0 | 78.9 | 79.3 | EWISER | 2020-07-01 |
| With More Contexts Comes Better Performance: Contextualized Sense Embeddings for All-Round Word Sense Disambiguation | | 78.0 | 77.1 | 71.0 | 77.3 | 83.2 | ARES | |
| Sparsity Makes Sense: Word Sense Disambiguation Using Sparse Contextualized Word Representations | | 77.9 | 77.8 | 68.8 | 76.1 | 77.5 | SparseLMMS | |
| GlossBERT: BERT for Word Sense Disambiguation with Gloss Knowledge | ✓ Link | 77.7 | 75.2 | 72.5 | 76.1 | 80.4 | GlossBERT | 2019-08-20 |
| Improved Word Sense Disambiguation Using Pre-Trained Contextualized Word Representations | ✓ Link | 75.5 | 73.6 | 68.1 | 71.1 | 76.2 | BERT (linear projection) | 2019-10-01 |
| Improving the Coverage and the Generalization Ability of Neural Word Sense Disambiguation through Hypernymy and Hyponymy Relationships | | 75.15 | 70.11 | 66.81 | 72.63 | 74.46 | SemCor+WNGT, vocabulary reduced, ensemble | 2018-11-02 |
| Improved Word Sense Disambiguation Using Pre-Trained Contextualized Word Representations | ✓ Link | 73.8 | 71.6 | 63.3 | 69.2 | 74.4 | BERT (nearest neighbour) | 2019-10-01 |
| []() | | 72.7 | 70.6 | 63.1 | 66.8 | 71.8 | supWSD<sub>emb</sub> | |
| Incorporating Glosses into Neural Word Sense Disambiguation | ✓ Link | 72.2 | 70.5 | --* | 67.2 | 72.6 | GAS<sub>ext</sub> | 2018-05-21 |
| Incorporating Glosses into Neural Word Sense Disambiguation | ✓ Link | 72.0 | 70.0 | --* | 66.7 | 71.6 | GAS | 2018-05-21 |
| Neural Sequence Learning Models for Word Sense Disambiguation | | 72.0 | 69.4 | 63.7* | 66.4 | 72.4 | Bi-LSTM<sub>att+LEX</sub> | 2017-09-01 |
| Neural Sequence Learning Models for Word Sense Disambiguation | | 72.0 | 69.1 | 64.8* | 66.9 | 71.5 | Bi-LSTM<sub>att+LEX+POS</sub> | 2017-09-01 |
| []() | | 71.8 | 69.1 | 61.3 | 65.6 | 71.9 | context2vec | |
| Deep contextualized word representations | ✓ Link | 71.6 | 69.6 | 62.2 | 66.2 | 71.3 | ELMo | 2018-02-15 |
| []() | | 71.3 | 68.8 | 60.2 | 65.8 | 70.0 | supWSD | |
| []() | | 65.6 | 66.0 | 54.5 | 63.8 | 67.1 | MFS baseline | |