| GPT-6 Astra: A new generation of intelligence | ✓ Link | 96.0 | GPT-6 Astra | 2026-09-03 |
| GPT-5.6: Frontier intelligence that scales with your ambition | ✓ Link | 94.6 | GPT-5.6 Sol | 2026-07-09 |
| Introducing GPT-5.4 | | 94.4 | GPT-5.4 Pro | 2026-03-05 |
| Gemini 3.1 Pro: A smarter model for your most complex tasks | | 94.3 | Gemini 3.1 Pro | 2026-02-19 |
| Introducing Claude Opus 4.7 | | 94.2 | Claude Opus 4.7 | 2026-04-16 |
| Claude Fable 5 and Claude Mythos 5 | ✓ Link | 94.1 | Claude Mythos 5 | 2026-06-09 |
| A new era of intelligence with Gemini 3 | | 93.8 | Gemini 3 Deep Think | 2025-11-18 |
| Introducing GPT-5.5 | | 93.6 | GPT-5.5 | 2026-04-23 |
| Introducing Claude Opus 4.8 | | 93.6 | Claude Opus 4.8 | 2026-05-28 |
| Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence | ✓ Link | 93.5 | Kimi K3 (max) | 2026-07-27 |
| Introducing GPT-5.2 | | 93.2 | GPT-5.2 Pro | 2025-12-11 |
| Qwen3.8-Max: A New Bar for Coding and Cowork | ✓ Link | 92.6 | Qwen3.8-Max | 2026-08-03 |
| Hy4 preview | ✓ Link | 92.3 | Hy4 preview | 2026-08-28 |
| On the Design of Qwen3.8-Next Architecture: Evaluation, Efficiency, and Training Stability | ✓ Link | 91.7 | Qwen3.8-Flash-Next | 2026-08-31 |
| Introducing Claude Opus 4.6 | | 91.3 | Claude Opus 4.6 | 2026-02-05 |
| GLM-5.2: Built for Long-Horizon Tasks | ✓ Link | 91.2 | GLM-5.2 | 2026-06-16 |
| DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash: Pushing the Limits of KV Cache Compression | ✓ Link | 90.9 | DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash Max | 2026-09-17 |
| Kimi K2.6 | ✓ Link | 90.5 | Kimi K2.6 | 2026-04-20 |
| Introducing Beam: Reflection's 501B open-weight model | | 90.5 | Beam | 2026-10-05 |
| Introducing Gemini 3 Flash | | 90.4 | Google Gemini 3 Flash (Thinking) | 2025-12-17 |
| Hy3 | ✓ Link | 90.4 | Hy3 | 2026-07-02 |
| DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence | ✓ Link | 90.1 | DeepSeek-V4-Pro Max | 2026-04-26 |
| Darwin Family: MRI-Trust-Weighted Evolutionary Merging for Training-Free Scaling of Language-Model Reasoning | | 90.0 | Darwin-35B-A3B-Opus | 2026-05-14 |
| Introducing Claude Sonnet 4.6 | | 89.9 | Claude Sonnet 4.6 | 2026-02-17 |
| The MiniMax-M2 Series: Mini Activations Unleashing Max Real-World Intelligence | ✓ Link | 89.8 | MiniMax-M2.7 | 2026-05-26 |
| Inkling-Small | ✓ Link | 89.5 | Inkling-Small | 2026-07-27 |
| Qwen3.8-27B | ✓ Link | 89.2 | Qwen3.8-27B | 2026-08-05 |
| Ornith-1.5: From Self-Scaffolding to Self-Improvement | | 89.2 | Ornith-1.5-35B-A3B | 2026-08-20 |
| Introducing Muse Spark Open, The Most Capable US Open-Weight Model to Date | ✓ Link | 89.0 | Muse Spark Open | 2026-10-15 |
| Qwen3.5: Towards Native Multimodal Agents | ✓ Link | 88.4 | Qwen3.5-397B-A17B | 2026-02-16 |
| DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence | ✓ Link | 88.1 | DeepSeek-V4-Flash Max | 2026-04-26 |
| Introducing LongCat-2.0 | ✓ Link | 87.9 | LongCat-2.0 | 2026-07-05 |
| Qwen3.6 | ✓ Link | 87.8 | Qwen3.6-27B | 2026-04-21 |
| Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligence | ✓ Link | 87.6 | Kimi K2.5 | 2026-02-02 |
| Nanbeige4.2-3B: Unlocking Agentic Capabilities in a Compact Model | ✓ Link | 87.4 | Nanbeige4.2-3B | 2026-07-21 |
| InternAgent-1.5: A Unified Agentic Framework for Long-Horizon Autonomous Scientific Discovery | ✓ Link | 87.37 | InternAgent-1.5 | 2026-02-09 |
| Streaming Communication in Multi-Agent Reasoning | ✓ Link | 87.37 | STREAM-MA (Claude Opus 4.6, Chain) | 2026-06-03 |
| Magenta: Closing the Loop Between Mathematical Reasoning and Lean Verification | | 87.3 | K2-Horizon-375B-A23B | 2026-09-10 |
| Hy3 preview | ✓ Link | 87.2 | Hy3 preview | 2026-04-23 |
| Introducing Claude Opus 4.5 | | 87.0 | Claude Opus 4.5 | 2025-11-24 |
| Nemotron 3 Ultra: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Model for Agentic Reasoning | ✓ Link | 87.0 | Nemotron 3 Ultra | 2026-06-03 |
| Qwen3.5: Towards Native Multimodal Agents | ✓ Link | 86.6 | Qwen3.5-122B-A10B | 2026-02-16 |
| Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities | | 86.4 | Gemini 2.5 Pro | 2025-07-07 |
| ERNIE 5.0 Technical Report | | 86.36 | ERNIE 5.0 | 2026-02-04 |
| GLM-5.1: Towards Long-Horizon Tasks | ✓ Link | 86.2 | GLM-5.1 | 2026-04-03 |
| GLM-5: From Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineering | ✓ Link | 86.0 | GLM-5 | 2026-02-11 |
| Qwen3.6 | ✓ Link | 86.0 | Qwen3.6-35B-A3B | 2026-04-21 |
| A*-Thought-V2: Efficient Latent Reasoning via Geometric Dynamics of LLM | ✓ Link | 86.0 | A*-Thought-V2 (Qwen3.6-27B, tau=90) | 2026-09-07 |
| Ling and Ring 2.6 Technical Report: Efficient and Instant Agentic Intelligence at Trillion-Parameter Scale | ✓ Link | 85.89 | Ring-2.6-1T (xhigh) | 2026-06-13 |
| GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Models | ✓ Link | 85.7 | GLM-4.7 | 2025-08-08 |
| DeepSeek-V3.2 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 85.7 | DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale | 2025-12-02 |
| Qwen3.5: Towards Native Multimodal Agents | ✓ Link | 85.5 | Qwen3.5-27B | 2026-02-16 |
| ParaTempo: Efficient Parallel Reasoning via Temporal Confidence | ✓ Link | 85.4 | ParaTempo (Qwen3.5-35B-A3B) | 2026-08-17 |
| Thomson: Continual Learning of Frontier Models for SovereignAI | | 85.4 | Thomson-1.0-Small | 2026-08-24 |
| MiniMax-M2.5 | ✓ Link | 85.2 | MiniMax-M2.5 | 2026-02-12 |
| Step 3.5 Flash: Open Frontier-Level Intelligence with 11B Active Parameters | ✓ Link | 85.0 | Step-3.5-Flash PaCoRe | 2026-02-11 |
| AgentMercury: Your Agent Can Synthesize Verifiable Environments for Business Scenarios at scale | | 85.0 | Qwen3.5-35B-A3B + GRPO + Ours | 2026-08-21 |
| MiMo-V2-Flash Technical Report | ✓ Link | 84.3 | MiMo-V2-Flash (Thinking) | 2026-01-06 |
| Gemma 4 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 84.3 | Gemma 4 31B | 2026-07-02 |
| Kolibri: A Sovereign European Model on the Pareto Frontier | ✓ Link | 84.3 | Kolibri | 2026-10-03 |
| Qwen3.5: Towards Native Multimodal Agents | ✓ Link | 84.2 | Qwen3.5-35B-A3B | 2026-02-16 |
| MAI-Thinking-1: Building a Hill-Climbing Machine | | 84.2 | MAI-Thinking-1 | 2026-06-02 |
| Introducing efficiency focused "Thinking CAP" model series | ✓ Link | 83.8 | ThinkingCap-Qwen3.6-27B | 2026-07-06 |
| Step 3.5 Flash: Open Frontier-Level Intelligence with 11B Active Parameters | ✓ Link | 83.5 | Step-3.5-Flash | 2026-02-11 |
| Muse Glimmer 30B: An On-Device Agentic Model | ✓ Link | 83.5 | Muse Glimmer-30B (High Reasoning) | 2026-10-17 |
| Introducing Claude Sonnet 4.5 | | 83.4 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 | 2025-09-29 |
| Motif 3: Technical Report | ✓ Link | 83.4 | Motif 3 | 2026-08-10 |
| Introducing OpenAI o3 and o4-mini | ✓ Link | 83.3 | OpenAI o3 | 2025-04-16 |
| Mach-Mind-4-Flash Technical Report | | 83.08 | Mach-Mind-4-Flash | 2026-07-10 |
| Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities | | 82.8 | Gemini 2.5 Flash | 2025-07-07 |
| Deeper is Not Always Better: Mitigating the Alignment Tax via Confident Layer Decoding | ✓ Link | 82.8 | Qwen3.5-35B-A3B + Confident Decoding | 2026-06-20 |
| Gemma 4 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 82.3 | Gemma 4 26B-A4B | 2026-07-02 |
| Nanbeige4-3B Technical Report: Exploring the Frontier of Small Language Models | ✓ Link | 82.2 | Nanbeige4-3B-Thinking-2511 | 2025-12-06 |
| Qwen3.5: Towards Native Multimodal Agents | ✓ Link | 81.7 | Qwen3.5-9B | 2026-02-16 |
| Optical Reasoning: Rethinking Images as an Expressive Reasoning Medium Beyond Text | ✓ Link | 81.31 | T-OR (Claude Sonnet 4.5, 259.3 tokens) | 2026-06-08 |
| SecOPD: Mitigating Adaptive Prompt Injections by On-Policy Distillation | ✓ Link | 81.3 | SecOPD (Qwen3.6-27B) | 2026-08-21 |
| Claude Opus 4.1 | | 80.9 | Claude Opus 4.1 | 2025-08-05 |
| Intern-S2-Mobius: Foundation Model with Decoupled Knowledge and Reasoning | ✓ Link | 80.81 | Intern-S2-Mobius-35B | 2026-08-14 |
| EXAONE 4.5 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 80.5 | EXAONE 4.5 (Reasoning) | 2026-04-09 |
| The Other Half of the Memory Wall: Serving 35B MoEs from SSD with Trained Routing Prediction | ✓ Link | 79.8 | Edge0-35B-A3B-preview | 2026-09-16 |
| Scalable Visual Pretraining for Language Intelligence | | 79.29 | Qwen3.5-35B-A3B + VP | 2026-07-10 |
| K-EXAONE Technical Report | ✓ Link | 79.1 | K-EXAONE (236B, reasoning) | 2026-01-05 |
| Gemma 4 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 78.8 | Gemma 4 12B Unified | 2026-07-02 |
| IndexCache: Accelerating Sparse Attention via Cross-Layer Index Reuse | ✓ Link | 78.6 | DSA (30B) + IndexCache (1/4, searched pattern) | 2026-03-12 |
| OmniEdu: Open Foundation Models for Learning and Teaching | ✓ Link | 77.78 | OmniEdu-27B | 2026-09-19 |
| Introducing OpenAI o1 | | 77.3 | OpenAI o1 | 2024-09-12 |
| Efficient Agentic Reasoning Through Self-Regulated Simulative Planning | ✓ Link | 77.3 | SR 2 AM-v1.0-30B | 2026-05-21 |
| Thought-Level Beam Search for Reasoning | ✓ Link | 77.1 | Gambit (Phi-4-reasoning-plus-14B) | 2026-08-11 |
| Unlocking Lossless Speedups in LLMs via Discrete Diffusion | ✓ Link | 77.1 | Uno (K2-Horizon-7B-Uno) | 2026-09-03 |
| QwenLong-L1.5: Post-Training Recipe for Long-Context Reasoning and Memory Management | ✓ Link | 76.78 | QwenLong-L1.5-30B-A3B | 2025-12-15 |
| Ling and Ring 2.6 Technical Report: Efficient and Instant Agentic Intelligence at Trillion-Parameter Scale | ✓ Link | 76.17 | Ling-2.6-1T | 2026-06-13 |
| Nemotron-Cascade 2: Post-Training LLMs with Cascade RL and Multi-Domain On-Policy Distillation | | 76.1 | Nemotron-Cascade-2-30B-A3B | 2026-03-19 |
| DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning | ✓ Link | 75.8 | DeepSeek-R1-Zero | 2025-01-22 |
| Stop When Reasoning Converges: Semantic-Preserving Early Exit for Reasoning Models | ✓ Link | 75.8 | Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking with PUMA | 2026-05-17 |
| SPADE: Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environments | ✓ Link | 75.8 | SPADE (Games, Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507) | 2026-08-19 |
| Rufus-Air: An Open LLM Post-Training Recipe | | 75.6 | Rufus-Air | 2026-09-24 |
| NVIDIA Nemotron 3.5 Lightning | ✓ Link | 75.44 | NVIDIA Nemotron 3.5 Lightning 30B-A3B | 2026-08-11 |
| EXAONE 4.0: Unified Large Language Models Integrating Non-reasoning and Reasoning Modes | ✓ Link | 75.4 | EXAONE 4.0 32B (Reasoning) | 2025-07-15 |
| Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence | ✓ Link | 75.1 | Kimi K2 | 2025-07-28 |
| Introducing Claude 4 | | 74.9 | Claude Opus 4 | 2025-05-22 |
| Unified Audio Intelligence Without Regressing on Text Intelligence | | 74.9 | Audex 30B-A3B | 2026-07-06 |
| LFM2.5-24B-A2B: Built for Fast On-Device Agents | | 74.42 | LFM2.5-24B-A2B | 2026-10-13 |
| INTELLECT-3: Technical Report | ✓ Link | 74.4 | INTELLECT-3 | 2025-12-18 |
| STEP3-VL-10B Technical Report | ✓ Link | 73.99 | Step3-VL-10B (PaCoRe) | 2026-01-14 |
| Does On-Policy Distillation Really Distill? From Noisy Teacher to Self-Improvement | ✓ Link | 73.7 | OPSA (Qwen3.5-9B) | 2026-08-31 |
| LongCat-Flash Technical Report | ✓ Link | 73.23 | LongCat-Flash | 2025-09-01 |
| DiffusionGemma Technical Report | ✓ Link | 73.2 | DiffusionGemma 26B A4B | 2026-07-31 |
| Believe Your Model: Distribution-Guided Confidence Calibration | ✓ Link | 73.18 | Qwen3-32B with DistriVoting (DIS-GMM*) | 2026-03-04 |
| Qwen3-Omni Technical Report | ✓ Link | 73.1 | Qwen3-Omni-Flash-Thinking | 2025-09-22 |
| Qwen3-Next | | 72.9 | Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct | 2025-09-09 |
| VibeThinker-3B: Exploring the Frontier of Verifiable Reasoning in Small Language Models | ✓ Link | 72.9 | VibeThinker-3B (CLR) | 2026-06-15 |
| One Model to Loop Them All: Elastic Latent Recurrence for Language Models | | 72.8 | Koi-4B | 2026-10-08 |
| Closing the Loop: Practical Training Recipes for Looped Language Models | | 72.41 | Dory1.0-4B | 2026-09-30 |
| Nemotron 3 Nano Omni: Efficient and Open Multimodal Intelligence | ✓ Link | 72.2 | Nemotron 3 Nano Omni | 2026-04-27 |
| PRISM: Pushing the Frontier of Deep Think via Process Reward Model-Guided Inference | ✓ Link | 71.7 | PRISM (gpt-oss-20b; Majority Vote) | 2026-03-03 |
| Qwen3 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 71.1 | Qwen3-235B-A22B (Thinking) | 2025-05-14 |
| ZAYA1-8B Technical Report | ✓ Link | 71.0 | ZAYA1-8B | 2026-05-06 |
| ACC: Compiling Agent Trajectories for Long-Context Training | | 70.2 | Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking + ACC | 2026-05-21 |
| MiniCPM5-2B | ✓ Link | 70.2 | MiniCPM5-2B | 2026-09-07 |
| CHIMERA: Compact Synthetic Data for Generalizable LLM Reasoning | | 70.1 | Qwen3-4B-Thinking-2507 (4B) fine-tuned on Chimera (SFT+RL) | 2026-03-01 |
| Introducing Claude 4 | | 70.0 | Claude Sonnet 4 | 2025-05-22 |
| The Llama 4 herd: The beginning of a new era of natively multimodal AI innovation | ✓ Link | 69.8 | Llama 4 Maverick | 2025-04-05 |
| Nemotron-Cascade: Scaling Cascaded Reinforcement Learning for General-Purpose Reasoning Models | | 69.6 | Nemotron-Cascade (14B, Thinking) | 2025-12-15 |
| Solar Open Technical Report | ✓ Link | 68.1 | Solar Open (102B) | 2026-01-11 |
| Claude 3.7 Sonnet and Claude Code | | 68.0 | Claude 3.7 Sonnet | 2025-02-24 |
| Quantization-Aware Healing: A Practical Recipe for Recovering Compressed, 4-Bit LLMs | | 67.4 | Hypernova-60B | 2026-08-21 |
| Efficient Reasoning with Balanced Thinking | ✓ Link | 67.2 | ReBalance (QwQ-32B) | 2026-03-12 |
| JudgeRLVR: Judge First, Generate Second for Efficient Reasoning | | 66.9 | Judge Only (Qwen3-30B-A3B) | 2026-01-13 |
| Scaling Embeddings Outperforms Scaling Experts in Language Models | | 66.78 | LongCat-Flash-Lite (68.5B) | 2026-01-29 |
| MiMo-V2.5-Pro | ✓ Link | 66.7 | MiMo-V2.5-Pro | 2026-04-27 |
| Recursive Multi-Agent Systems | ✓ Link | 66.2 | RecursiveMAS | 2026-04-28 |
| Reasoning over mathematical objects: on-policy reward modeling and test time aggregation | | 63.83 | Principia-4B | 2026-03-19 |
| Arcee Trinity Large Technical Report | ✓ Link | 63.32 | Trinity Large Preview | 2026-02-19 |
| Rethinking Generalization in Reasoning SFT: A Conditional Analysis on Optimization, Data, and Model Capability | ✓ Link | 63.3 | Qwen3-14B (Math-CoT SFT) | 2026-04-08 |
| Qwen3 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 62.9 | Qwen3-235B-A22B (Non-thinking) | 2025-05-14 |
| Introducing Gemini 2.0: our new AI model for the agentic era | | 62.1 | Gemini 2.0 Flash Experimental | 2024-12-11 |
| Introspective Diffusion Language Models | ✓ Link | 62.1 | I-DLM (32B) | 2026-04-13 |
| CopT: Contrastive On-Policy Thinking with Continuous Spaces for General and Agentic Reasoning | ✓ Link | 61.62 | CopT (Qwen3-8B) | 2026-05-19 |
| Is Next-Chunk Reasoning RL Really Better than SFT? Revisiting Training Strategies under no-CoT Data | | 60.98 | Mixed SFT + RLVR | 2026-08-24 |
| Recursive Think-Answer Process for LLMs and VLMs | | 60.7 | MiMo-RL-7B-R-TAP | 2026-03-02 |
| Zone of Proximal Policy Optimization: Teacher in Prompts, Not Gradients | | 60.6 | ZPPO (Qwen3.5-2B) | 2026-06-16 |
| Hunyuan Dense V1 | ✓ Link | 60.1 | Hunyuan-7B-Instruct | 2025-07-30 |
| LSRIF: Logic-Structured Reinforcement Learning for Instruction Following | | 60.1 | Distill-Qwen-14B (LsrIF) | 2026-01-10 |
| Introducing Claude 3.5 Sonnet | | 59.4 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet | 2024-06-20 |
| DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 59.1 | DeepSeek-V3 | 2024-12-27 |
| RISE: Recursive Improvement via Self-Extrapolating Policy Distillation | | 59.0 | RISE (weight,Qwen3-8B) | 2026-09-04 |
| Agentic Chain-of-Thought Steering for Efficient and Controllable LLM Reasoning | ✓ Link | 58.6 | ACTS (Qwen3-8B) | 2026-06-02 |
| Gemma 4 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 58.6 | Gemma 4 E4B | 2026-07-02 |
| Self-Hinting Language Models Enhance Reinforcement Learning | ✓ Link | 57.8 | SAGE (Qwen3-4B-Instruct) | 2026-02-03 |
| Mellum2 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 57.6 | Mellum 2 Thinking | 2026-05-29 |
| Value-Aware Stochastic KV Cache Eviction for Reasoning Models | ✓ Link | 57.39 | VaSE-AttnV (Qwen3-14B) | 2026-06-02 |
| The Llama 4 herd: The beginning of a new era of natively multimodal AI innovation | ✓ Link | 57.2 | Llama 4 Scout | 2025-04-05 |
| DelTA: Discriminative Token Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards | ✓ Link | 56.67 | DelTA (Qwen3-14B-Base) | 2026-05-20 |
| Weak-to-Strong On-Policy Distillation | ✓ Link | 56.5 | W2S-OPD (pre-/post-RL contrast) | 2026-07-28 |
| Rubric-based On-policy Distillation | ✓ Link | 55.05 | ROPD (Qwen3-4B) | 2026-05-08 |
| Composition-RL: Compose Your Verifiable Prompts for Reinforcement Learning of Large Language Models | ✓ Link | 54.7 | Qwen3-14B-Base + Composition-RL (12K subset) | 2026-02-12 |
| MiniMax-01: Scaling Foundation Models with Lightning Attention | ✓ Link | 54.4 | MiniMax-Text-01 | 2025-01-14 |
| SFT Conflicts, RL Coexists: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Multi-Task Learning for LLMs | ✓ Link | 54.0 | Adapted Parallel-RL (DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B) | 2026-08-06 |
| From P(y|x) to P(y): Investigating Reinforcement Learning in Pre-train Space | ✓ Link | 53.48 | DSRL (Qwen3-8B) | 2026-04-15 |
| Agentic Critical Training | | 53.37 | ACT (Qwen3-8B) | 2026-03-09 |
| PRISM: Demystifying Retention and Interaction in Mid-Training | | 52.86 | Granite-3.3 (8B) PRISM (MCS) + RL (MC) | 2026-03-17 |
| dots.llm1 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 52.6 | dots.llm1.inst | 2025-06-06 |
| NGM: A Plug-and-Play Training-Free Memory Module for LLMs | ✓ Link | 52.02 | Qwen3-14B + NGM | 2026-05-16 |
| Phi-4-Mini-Reasoning: Exploring the Limits of Small Reasoning Language Models in Math | | 52.0 | Phi-4-Mini-Reasoning | 2025-04-30 |
| Introducing the next generation of Claude | | 50.4 | Claude 3 Opus | 2024-03-04 |
| Falcon-H1: A Family of Hybrid-Head Language Models Redefining Efficiency and Performance | ✓ Link | 49.66 | Falcon-H1-34B-Instruct | 2025-07-30 |
| Surgical Post-Training: Cutting Errors, Keeping Knowledge | ✓ Link | 49.5 | SPoT-BCE (Qwen3-8B) | 2026-03-02 |
| δ-mem: Efficient Online Memory for Large Language Models | ✓ Link | 49.49 | δ-mem (MSW) (Qwen3-8B) | 2026-05-12 |
| Phi-4-Mini Technical Report: Compact yet Powerful Multimodal Language Models via Mixture-of-LoRAs | ✓ Link | 49.0 | Phi-4-Mini reasoning | 2025-02-24 |
| InftyThink+: Effective and Efficient Infinite-Horizon Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning | ✓ Link | 48.99 | InftyThink+ (Qwen3-4B-Base, task-only RL) | 2026-02-06 |
| Youtu-LLM: Unlocking the Native Agentic Potential for Lightweight Large Language Models | ✓ Link | 48.0 | Youtu-LLM 2B | 2025-12-31 |
| DiagEvo: Diagnosis-Guided Self-Evolution via Hierarchical Error Memory | | 47.5 | DiagEvo (Qwen3-8B, 235B-A22B diagnostician) | 2026-09-01 |
| ProFit: Leveraging High-Value Signals in SFT via Probability-Guided Token Selection | ✓ Link | 46.53 | ProFit (Qwen3-14B-Base) | 2026-01-14 |
| DARC: Decoupled Asymmetric Reasoning Curriculum for LLM Evolution | ✓ Link | 44.4 | DARC (Qwen3-8B-Base) | 2026-01-20 |
| Attention Residuals | ✓ Link | 44.4 | Kimi Linear (48B) with Block AttnRes | 2026-03-16 |
| A Sovereign, Open-Source Foundation Model for German and English | ✓ Link | 43.4 | Soofi S 30B-A3B Base | 2026-07-10 |
| Semifactual Credit-Augmented Policy Optimization | ✓ Link | 42.45 | SCAPO (Qwen3-4B-Base) | 2026-09-30 |
| SmolLM3: smol, multilingual, long-context reasoner | ✓ Link | 41.7 | SmolLM3 3B (Extended Thinking) | 2025-07-08 |
| Introducing the next generation of Claude | | 40.4 | Claude 3 Sonnet | 2024-03-04 |
| Encoder-Decoder Gemma: Improving the Quality-Efficiency Trade-Off via Adaptation | ✓ Link | 40.4 | T5Gemma 9B-9B PrefixLM IT | 2025-04-08 |
| Learning to Hint for Reinforcement Learning | ✓ Link | 40.4 | HiLL (Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct) | 2026-04-01 |
| Geometry Conflict: Explaining and Controlling Forgetting in LLM Continual Post-Training | ✓ Link | 39.9 | Qwen3-14B with GCWM | 2026-05-10 |
| Youtu-VL: Unleashing Visual Potential via Unified Vision-Language Supervision | ✓ Link | 39.8 | Youtu-VL (4B) | 2026-01-27 |
| Difficulty-Adaptive Tree-Structured Policy Optimization for Expanding Reasoning Coverage in RLVR | ✓ Link | 39.6 | DATPO (Qwen3-4B-Base) | 2026-09-08 |
| LFM-1B-Math: Can Small Models Be Concise Reasoners? | | 39.29 | LFM-1.3B-Distill (32K output budget) | 2025-06-24 |
| Small Language Models as Judges for Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning | | 38.8 | Probe-reward policy | 2026-08-30 |
| Co-RL: Unsupervised Reasoning Emerges from Diverse Cohort in Multi-agent RL | ✓ Link | 37.9 | Co-RL (Qwen2.5-7B, Different family+) | 2026-08-19 |
| LFM2.5-1.2B-Thinking: On-Device Reasoning Under 1GB | | 37.86 | LFM2.5-1.2B-Thinking | 2026-01-20 |
| Trust Region On-Policy Distillation | | 36.24 | TrOPD (DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B) | 2026-05-31 |
| Data-Efficient Autoregressive-to-Diffusion Language Models via On-Policy Distillation | ✓ Link | 36.1 | OPDLM-8B | 2026-06-04 |
| MobileMoE: Scaling On-Device Mixture of Experts | | 33.8 | MobileMoE-L (922M) | 2026-05-26 |
| Introducing the next generation of Claude | | 33.3 | Claude 3 Haiku | 2024-03-04 |
| Queryable LoRA: Instruction-Regularized Routing Over Shared Low-Rank Update Atoms | | 32.3000 | Instruction-Queryable LoRA | 2026-05-08 |
| LFM2.5-350M: No Size Left Behind | | 30.64 | LFM2.5-350M | 2026-03-31 |
| Understanding Evolution Strategies for LLM Reasoning: Broader Reasoning Coverage than GRPO | | 30.6 | DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B (GRPO to ES) | 2026-08-27 |
| SPOT: Sparse Probing and Outcome Calibration for On-Policy Distillation | ✓ Link | 29.42 | SPOT Qwen3-1.7B-Base | 2026-08-05 |
| LFM2 Technical Report | ✓ Link | 29.29 | LFM2-8B-A1B (0-shot) | 2025-11-28 |
| KL for a KL: On-Policy Distillation with Control Variate Baseline | | 28.6 | Qwen3-1.7B → Qwen3-1.7B-Base with v OPD (top-k) | 2026-05-08 |
| T5Gemma 2: Seeing, Reading, and Understanding Longer | | 27.8 | T5Gemma 2 4B-4B (post-trained) | 2025-12-16 |
| MiniCPM5-1B | ✓ Link | 26.26 | MiniCPM5-1B (Thinking) | 2026-05-25 |
| LFM2.5-230M: Built to Run Anywhere | | 25.41 | LFM2.5-230M | 2026-06-25 |