| Reducing Bias and Variance: Generative Semantic Guidance and Bi-Layer Ensemble for Image Clustering | | 0.996 | 0.998 | | | | GSEC | 2026-05-13 |
| Self-Enhanced Image Clustering with Cross-Modal Semantic Consistency | | 0.992 | 0.997 | 0.994 | | | SEIC (CLIP ViT-B/16) | 2025-08-02 |
| Self-Enhanced Image Clustering with Cross-Modal Semantic Consistency | | 0.988 | 0.996 | 0.991 | | | SEIC (CLIP ViT-B/32) | 2025-08-02 |
| Image Clustering with External Guidance | ✓ Link | 0.985 | 0.992 | | | | TAC | 2023-10-18 |
| SPICE: Semantic Pseudo-labeling for Image Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.927 | 0.969 | 0.933 | ResNet-34 | | SPICE | 2021-03-17 |
| Deep Online Probability Aggregation Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.925 | 0.97 | 0.935 | ResNet-34 | | DPAC | 2024-07-07 |
| Bootstrap Deep Spectral Clustering with Optimal Transport | ✓ Link | 0.913 | 0.962 | 0.918 | | | BootSC | 2025-08-06 |
| Learning Representation for Clustering via Prototype Scattering and Positive Sampling | ✓ Link | 0.908 | 0.962 | 0.918 | ResNet-34 | 224 | ProPos* | 2021-11-23 |
| Representation Learning for Clustering via Building Consensus | ✓ Link | 0.907 | 0.958 | 0.909 | | | ConCURL | 2021-05-04 |
| Contrastive Hierarchical Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.907 | 0.953 | 0.899 | ResNet-50 | | CoHiClust | 2023-03-03 |
| C3: Cross-instance guided Contrastive Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.905 | 0.942 | 0.861 | | | C3 | 2022-11-14 |
| Clustering-friendly Representation Learning via Instance Discrimination and Feature Decorrelation | ✓ Link | 0.898 | 0.954 | 0.901 | | 96 | IDFD | 2021-05-31 |
| Learning Representation for Clustering via Prototype Scattering and Positive Sampling | ✓ Link | 0.896 | 0.956 | 0.906 | ResNet-34 | 96 | ProPos | 2021-11-23 |
| Twin Contrastive Learning for Online Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.875 | 0.895 | 0.837 | | | TCL | 2022-10-21 |
| Contrastive Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.859 | 0.893 | 0.822 | | 224 | CC | 2020-09-21 |
| Multi-Modal Deep Clustering: Unsupervised Partitioning of Images | ✓ Link | 0.719 | 0.811 | | | | MMDC | 2019-12-05 |
| Deep Comprehensive Correlation Mining for Image Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.608 | 0.71 | | | | DCCM | 2019-04-15 |
| Deep Adaptive Image Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.394 | 0.527 | | | | DAC | 2017-10-01 |
| Unsupervised Deep Embedding for Clustering Analysis | ✓ Link | 0.282 | 0.381 | | | | DEC | 2015-11-19 |
| Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks | ✓ Link | 0.225 | 0.346 | | | | GAN | 2015-11-19 |
| Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes | ✓ Link | 0.193 | 0.334 | | | | VAE | 2013-12-20 |
| Joint Unsupervised Learning of Deep Representations and Image Clusters | ✓ Link | 0.175 | 0.300 | | | | JULE | 2016-04-13 |