| Let Go of Your Labels with Unsupervised Transfer | ✓ Link | 0.898 | 0.915 | 0.834 | | | TURTLE (CLIP + DINOv2) | 2024-06-11 |
| Deep Clustering via Probabilistic Ratio-Cut Optimization | ✓ Link | 0.789 | 0.856 | | | | PRCut (DinoV2) | 2025-02-01 |
| Exploring a Principled Framework for Deep Subspace Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.773 | 0.824 | | | | PRO-DSC | 2025-03-21 |
| Exploring the Limits of Deep Image Clustering using Pretrained Models | ✓ Link | 0.737 | 0.799 | 0.612 | Train | | TEMI CLIP ViT-L (openai) | 2023-03-31 |
| Exploring the Limits of Deep Image Clustering using Pretrained Models | ✓ Link | 0.671 | 0.769 | 0.533 | Train | | TEMI DINO ViT-B | 2023-03-31 |
| Improving Image Clustering with Artifacts Attenuation via Inference-Time Attention Engineering | | 0.6502 | 0.771 | 0.5053 | Test | ViT-B/14 | ITAE | 2024-10-07 |
| SPICE: Semantic Pseudo-labeling for Image Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.584 | 0.583 | 0.422 | Train | | SPICE* | 2021-03-17 |
| Deep Online Probability Aggregation Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.555 | 0.542 | 0.393 | | ResNet-34 | DPAC | 2024-07-07 |
| []() | | 0.555 | | 0.377 | Train | | HUME | |
| The Balanced-Pairwise-Affinities Feature Transform | ✓ Link | 0.550 | 0.560 | 0.402 | | | SPICE-BPA | 2024-06-25 |
| Twin Contrastive Learning for Online Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.531 | 0.529 | 0.357 | Train | | TCL | 2022-10-21 |
| Information Maximization Clustering via Multi-View Self-Labelling | ✓ Link | 0.519 | 0.527 | 0.361 | Train | | IMC-SwAV (Best) | 2021-03-12 |
| SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labels | ✓ Link | 0.507 | 0.486 | 0.333 | Train | | SCAN | 2020-05-25 |
| Information Maximization Clustering via Multi-View Self-Labelling | ✓ Link | 0.49 | 0.503 | 0.337 | | | IMC-SwAV (Avg+-) | 2021-03-12 |
| Representation Learning for Clustering via Building Consensus | ✓ Link | 0.479 | 0.468 | 0.303 | Train | | ConCURL | 2021-05-04 |
| SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labels | ✓ Link | 0.459 | 0.468 | 0.301 | Train | | SCAN (Avg) | 2020-05-25 |
| C3: Cross-instance guided Contrastive Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.451 | 0.434 | 0.275 | | | C3 | 2022-11-14 |
| Multi-Modal Deep Clustering: Unsupervised Partitioning of Images | ✓ Link | 0.446 | 0.418 | | | | MMDC | 2019-12-05 |
| Contrastive Hierarchical Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.437 | 0.467 | 0.299 | | | CoHiClust | 2023-03-03 |
| Contrastive Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.429 | 0.431 | 0.266 | | | CC | 2020-09-21 |
| Clustering-friendly Representation Learning via Instance Discrimination and Feature Decorrelation | ✓ Link | 0.425 | 0.426 | 0.264 | Train | | IDFD | 2021-05-31 |
| Mitigating Embedding and Class Assignment Mismatch in Unsupervised Image Classification | ✓ Link | 0.353 | | | | | TSUC | |
| Deep Comprehensive Correlation Mining for Image Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.327 | 0.285 | | Train+Test | | DCCM | 2019-04-15 |
| Deep Adaptive Image Clustering | ✓ Link | 0.238 | 0.185 | | Train+Test | | DAC | 2017-10-01 |
| Deep Clustering for Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features | ✓ Link | 0.189 | | | Train+Test | | DeeperCluster | 2018-07-15 |
| Unsupervised Deep Embedding for Clustering Analysis | ✓ Link | 0.185 | 0.136 | | Train+Test | | DEC | 2015-11-19 |
| Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes | ✓ Link | 0.152 | 0.108 | | Train+Test | | VAE | 2013-12-20 |
| Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks | ✓ Link | 0.151 | 0.120 | | Train+Test | | GAN | 2015-11-19 |
| Joint Unsupervised Learning of Deep Representations and Image Clusters | ✓ Link | 0.137 | 0.103 | | Train+Test | | JULE | 2016-04-13 |
| Improving Unsupervised Image Clustering With Robust Learning | ✓ Link | | | | Train | | RUC | 2020-12-21 |